Functional Neurological Disorders in Children and Young People in the UK: Understanding and Support

Introduction:

Functional Neurological Disorders (FND) are a complex and often misunderstood group of conditions that can affect children and young people. These disorders are characterized by a disruption in the functioning of the nervous system, leading to a wide range of symptoms that can be distressing for both the affected individuals and their families. In this blog, we will explore the nature of FND in children and young people in the UK and discuss the importance of understanding and support.

What are Functional Neurological Disorders?

Functional Neurological Disorders, also known as Conversion Disorders, are conditions in which individuals experience physical symptoms that cannot be explained by an underlying organic or structural neurological disease. These symptoms can include weakness, paralysis, tremors, non-epileptic seizures, and movement disorders, among others. FND is believed to be caused by a combination of psychological and physiological factors.

Prevalence and Impact in the UK:

While there is limited research specifically on FND in children and young people, studies suggest that these disorders are not uncommon. According to a study conducted in the UK, the prevalence of FND in children and adolescents ranged from 0.5% to 2.9%, depending on the population studied (Heyman et al., 2007). FND can have a significant impact on the lives of affected individuals, leading to physical limitations, emotional distress, and disruption in educational and social functioning.

Understanding FND in Children and Young People:

It is crucial to recognize that FND is a genuine condition, and the symptoms experienced by children and young people are not intentionally fabricated. FND is thought to arise from a complex interplay between psychological factors, such as stress, trauma, and emotional difficulties, and physiological factors, including alterations in the functioning of the nervous system.

Diagnosis and Management:

Diagnosing FND in children and young people can be challenging due to the overlap of symptoms with other neurological and psychiatric disorders. A thorough evaluation by a multidisciplinary team, including neurologists, psychologists, and pediatricians, is essential to rule out other possible causes. Once diagnosed, a holistic approach to management is recommended, focusing on both physical and psychological aspects.

Support and Treatment:

Supporting children and young people with FND requires a multidisciplinary approach. Treatment may involve a combination of physical therapy, occupational therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and psychoeducation for both the individual and family members. CBT techniques, such as pacing, graded exposure, and relaxation exercises, can assist in managing symptoms and improving overall functioning.

Conclusion:

Functional Neurological Disorders can significantly impact the lives of children and young people in the UK. Understanding the complex nature of FND and providing appropriate support and treatment is essential. By raising awareness, promoting research, and destigmatizing these disorders, we can help improve the quality of life for those affected by FND and their families.

References:

1. Heyman I, et al. (2007). Prevalence of rare somatic symptom disorders in children and adolescents. Journal of Pediatrics, 151(5), 531-535.

2. Stone J, et al. (2010). Functional symptoms in neurology: questions and answers. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 81(3), 307-314.

3. Nielsen G, et al. (2013). Functional disorders in neurology: a review. Journal of Neurology, 260(2), 2-13.